Common Questions About Children with Special Needs

What does "special needs" include?

The term "special needs" refers to the children who have substantial difficulties in one or more areas at school. These areas include learning problems, trouble concentrating, problems with language or motor skills, social problems, and problems with behavior. These problems may be related to physical, cognitive or emotional conditions or issues.

Are children identified with special needs entitled to special services?

Children identified with a special need(s) are usually entitled to special services or accommodations through the public school. Federal law mandates that every child will receive free and appropriate education in the least restrictive setting possible. According to the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, the following laws support children with special needs:

• The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) 1975
• Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
• The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) 1990

It's important to realize that states have varying eligibility criteria and service availability.

How do I know if my child has a special need?

If you suspect your child is having unusual problems at school with learning, behavior or social interaction, the first step is to meet with the teacher. Share your concerns with the teacher and ask for his or her perspective on the issues you raise. The school has personnel who can administer evaluations of your child to determine the level and area(s) of need. It is wise to ask for evaluations in writing. In some cases, a parent can request an independent professional evaluation at the school district's expense. The result of the evaluation(s) determines the type of services for which your child is eligible. In most cases, services are provided in the school setting, but sometimes the child may receive services at another location, often referred to as an "alternative learning setting."

What can I as a parent do for my child?

The parent's greatest role is to be an advocate. While the child with special needs is entitled to special services and accommodations, the system can be confusing and fraught with "red tape." For this reason, it's important to keep good records, know the applicable laws and be involved in the development of your child's "Individualized Education Program" (IEP) or 504 Plan. Under the law, parents do have the right to appeal decisions, and contact the state Department of Education if they don't feel the school district is responding to their needs.

Each state has a parent information and support organization to help families of children with special needs. In addition, each state has an agency that provides legal support to families, assisting them in advocating for their children's rights. Your State Department of Education can provide you with information about these organizations.